Element in cell :
-Divided into 3 categories
Major Element (byk diperlukan) -C H O N - carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen
Trace Element (sedikit diperlukan) -P(potassium) S(sodium) C(calcium) Chlorine,sulphur,phosporus,magnesium
Ultra-Trace Element (PALING sedikit diperlukan)-CU(copper) CO(cobalt) FE(iron) ZN(zinc)
Chemical Compound in cell
~compound consists two or more element that bound together .
~two different group in compound
Inorganic compound – do not contain carbon such as water and acid.
Organic compound – contain carbon
~4 main group of organic compound
@ Carbohydrate
- produce energy during respiration such a glucose
- to store energy as glycogen and starch
- to form DNA and RNA as ribose sugar
- for supporting structure such as cellulose in plant cell wall
@ Lipids
@ Proteins
-For movement
-growth and development
-form HAEMOGLOBIN transport OXYGEN and CO2
-form hormones
-form enzymes for BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
-for defense system , antibodies to fight diseases .
-form membrane proteins
Nucleic acids
- store genetic information
- stable storage in storing genetic information
- easy to duplicate information
What are nucleic acids ?
Nucleic acids are compound that made up from C(carbon) H(hydrogen) O(oxygen) N(nitrogen) and P(Phosporus).
2 types – deoxyribonucleic acids(DNA) and Ribonucleic acids (RNA)
Basic Unit – nucleotid
Made from 3 components
Ø Phosphate
Ø Sugar
Ø Nitrogen Base
Sugar for DNA is DEOXYRIBOSE and RNA is RIBOSE .
Four nitrogen base - Adenine(A) , Thynine(T) , Guanine(G) , Cytosine(C)
A-T, T-A, G-C, C-G
Sugar and phosphate join to form BACKBONE OF DNA STRAND
NITROGEN BASE – STORE GENETIC INFORMATION !
2 DNA strand are twisting to form DOUBLEHELIX DNA !
RNA consists of SINGLE STRAND of nucleotid !
Importance of water !
# As a solvent
# As a transport (glucose)
# As a coolant
# As a insulator (example: ice)
Carbohydrate
Organic compound formed by element C(1) : H(2) : O(1)
Basic unit such as GLUCOSE , FRUCTOSE , GALACTOSE , MALTOSE , SUCROSE , LACTOSE ,
GLYCOGEN , STARCH , LIGNIN CELLULOSE .
If n=5 , ribose sugar forms for DNA or RNA
3 type carbohydrate – Mono(1)saccharide(sugar)
- Di(2)saccharides
- Poly(byk)saccharides
DISACCHARIDES
2 monosaccharides join form DISSACHARIDES by proses CONDENSATION REACTION which water is removed !!
GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE ---> MALTOSE - water
GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE ---> SUCROSE - water
GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE ---> LACTOSE – water
Disaccharides splits into two monosaccharides by proses HYDROLYSIS which water
molecule added !
MALTOSE + WATER ---> GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE
SUCROSE + WATER ---> GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE
LACTOSE + WATER ---> GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE
POLYSACCHARIDES
Many monosaccharide joined together IN CONDENSATION REACTION to form POLYSACCHARIDES such as STARCH!
Basic unit ------> AMINO ACIDS lintked to each other by PEPTIDE BLOOD .
20 types such as GLYCINE , ALANINE , VALINE !
GUDLUCK EXAM SAMURIAN BATCH 30 !
